Pragmatism and the Illegal
Pragmatism is both a descriptive and normative theory. As a description theory it asserts that the traditional conception of jurisprudence isn't true and that a legal pragmatics is a better option.
Legal pragmatism, in particular is opposed to the idea that correct decisions can be deduced by some core principle. Instead, it advocates a pragmatic approach that is based on context and trial and error.
What is Pragmatism?
The philosophy of pragmatism emerged in the latter half of 19th and the early 20th century. It was the first fully North American philosophical movement (though it is important to note that there were a few followers of the contemporaneously developing existentialism who were also labeled "pragmatists"). The pragmaticists, like many other major philosophical movements throughout history were in part influenced by discontent over the state of the world and the past.
It is difficult to provide an exact definition of pragmatism. Pragmatism is typically focused on outcomes and results. This is often in contrast with other philosophical traditions that have an a more theoretical view of truth and knowledge.
Charles Sanders Peirce is credited as the inventor of pragmatic thinking in the context of philosophy. He believed that only what could be independently verified and proved through practical tests was believed to be true. Peirce also emphasized that the only real method of understanding the truth of something was to study its effects on others.
Another pragmatist who was a founding figure was John Dewey (1859-1952),
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The pragmatics also had a more flexible view of what is the truth. This was not meant to be a position of relativity but rather an attempt to attain a higher level of clarity and firmly justified accepted beliefs. This was achieved by combining practical experience with solid reasoning.
The neo-pragmatic method was later extended by Putnam to be more broadly defined as internal realism. This was a different approach to the correspondence theory of truth which did not seek to achieve an external God's-eye perspective, but instead maintained the objectivity of truth within a theory or description. It was an advanced version of the theories of Peirce and James.
What is Pragmatism's Theory of Decision-Making?
A pragmatist who is a lawyer sees law as a resolving process and not a set of predetermined rules. They reject the traditional view of deductive certainty and instead, focuses on the role of context in decision-making. Legal pragmatists also argue that the notion of foundational principles is not a good idea because generally, any such principles would be devalued by practical experience. A pragmatic view is superior to a traditional view of legal decision-making.
The pragmatist view is broad and has led to the development of many different theories, including those in philosophy, science, ethics sociology, political theory, and even politics. While Charles Sanders Peirce deserves most of the credit for pragmatism and his pragmatic principle that clarifies the meaning of hypotheses by the practical consequences they have is the core of the doctrine but the concept has since expanded significantly to encompass a wide range of theories. This includes the belief that a philosophical theory is true if and only if it can be used to benefit consequences, the view that knowledge is primarily a process of transacting with rather than a representation of nature,
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Although the pragmatics have contributed to many areas of philosophy, they aren't without critics. The pragmatists' rejection of a priori propositional knowlege has resulted in a ferocious critical and
프라그마틱 이미지 influential critique of analytical philosophy. This critique has reverberated far beyond philosophy into various social disciplines like political science, jurisprudence and a variety of other social sciences.
It isn't easy to classify the pragmatist approach to law as a description theory. Judges tend to make decisions based on a logical-empirical framework that relies heavily on precedents and traditional legal documents. However, a legal pragmatist may consider that this model doesn't adequately capture the real the judicial decision-making process. It seems more appropriate to see a pragmatic approach to law as an normative model that serves as guidelines on how law should develop and be applied.
What is Pragmatism's Theory of Conflict Resolution?
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that sees the knowledge of the world as inseparable from agency within it. It has attracted a wide and often contradictory range of interpretations. It is often viewed as a response to analytic philosophy, whereas at other times it is considered an alternative to continental thought. It is a tradition that is growing and evolving.
The pragmatists wanted to emphasize the importance of experiences and the importance of the individual's consciousness in the formation of belief. They also sought to overcome what they saw as the flaws in a flawed philosophical heritage which had affected the work of earlier philosophers. These mistakes included Cartesianism and Nominalism, and an ignorance of the importance of human reasoning.
All pragmatists are skeptical about the unquestioned and non-experimental representations of reason. They will therefore be wary of any argument which claims that "it works" or "we have always done it this way' is legitimate. These statements may be viewed as being too legalistic, naive rationalist, and not critical of the practices of the past by the legal pragmatic.
Contrary to the traditional picture of law as a set of deductivist principles, a pragmatic will emphasize the importance of the context of legal decision-making. They will also recognize that there are many ways of describing the law and that the diversity is to be respected. The perspective of perspectivalism, may make the legal pragmatic appear less deferential to precedents and previously accepted analogies.
A major aspect of the legal pragmatist viewpoint is the recognition that judges are not privy to a set or principles from which they can make logically argued decisions in all cases. The pragmatist is keen to emphasize the importance of understanding the case before making a decision and to be prepared to alter or rescind a law in the event that it proves to be unworkable.
There is no universally agreed picture of a legal pragmaticist, but certain characteristics are characteristic of the philosophical approach. They include a focus on context, and a rejection of any attempt to draw laws from abstract concepts that are not directly tested in a particular case. The pragmatist is also aware that the law is constantly changing and there isn't one correct interpretation.
What is Pragmatism's Theory of Justice?
As a judicial theory, legal pragmatism has been lauded as a method of bringing about social changes. But it is also criticized as an approach to avoiding legitimate moral and philosophical disputes by delegating them to the realm of legal decision-making. The pragmatic is not interested in relegating philosophical debate to the law. Instead, they take an approach that is pragmatic to these disagreements, which emphasizes contextual sensitivity, the importance of an open-ended approach to knowledge, and a willingness to acknowledge that perspectives are inevitable.
The majority of legal pragmatists don't believe in a foundationalist picture of legal decision-making, and rely on traditional legal documents to serve as the basis for judging current cases. They believe that cases are not necessarily up to the task of providing a firm enough foundation for analyzing properly legal conclusions and therefore must be supplemented by other sources, including previously recognized analogies or principles from precedent.
The legal pragmatist likewise rejects the notion that right decisions can be determined from some overarching set of fundamental principles in the belief that such a view would make judges unable to base their decisions on predetermined "rules." Instead she favors a method that recognizes the inexorable influence of context.
In light of the skepticism and realism that characterizes the neo-pragmatists, many have taken an increasingly deflationist view of the concept of truth. They have tended to argue, focussing on the way in which the concept is used in describing its meaning, and setting criteria that can be used to establish that a certain concept has this function, that this could be the standard that philosophers can reasonably be expecting from the truth theory.
Other pragmatists have adopted a more broad approach to truth, which they have called an objective standard for asserting and questioning. This perspective combines elements from pragmatism and classical realist and Idealist philosophies. It is also in line with the larger pragmatic tradition, which views truth as an objective standard of assertion and inquiry and not merely a standard for justification or warranted affirmability (or its derivatives). This more holistic concept of truth is known as an "instrumental" theory of truth, as it is a search for truth to be defined by the goals and values that govern an individual's interaction with the world.