Nor did this imply only the local welfare of the papacy, the great order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are found in anybody narrative, there is no good motive for سعر الذهب اليوم في كندا doubting their common accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, etc., Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the famous letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (wherein the former recognizes totally the papal origin of his own imperial dignity), and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, the pope approached him, positioned upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the ancient manner, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, whereas the Romans current burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the sooner goodwill and help of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, reliable heir of the imperial title (he still known as himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was formally New Rome) had long proved incapable of preserving his authority within the Italian peninsula.

However, the event of Christmas Day, 800, was long resented at Constantinople, the place ultimately the successor of Charles was often referred to as "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", but by no means "Roman Emperor". On the other hand, there seems no cause to doubt that for a while earlier the elevation of Charles had been mentioned, both at residence and at Rome, particularly in view of two details: the scandalous condition of the imperial government at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian house. It could also be noted here that the chroniclers of the ninth century deal with as "restitution" to St. Peter the assorted cessions and grants of cities and territory made at this period by the Carolingian rulers within the boundaries of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it to add right here that whereas the imperial consecration made him in idea, what he was already in actual fact, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, because it were, within the Carolingian line the majesty of historical Rome, it additionally lifted Charles without delay to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and particularly of its head, the Roman Church.

Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); additionally that after the ceremony he made very wealthy gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the same day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the youthful Charles, son of the emperor and at that time most likely destined to succeed in the imperial dignity. Leo was despatched again to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, totally frightened and unable to convince Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi despatched Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders in opposition to Pope Leo, to the king, to be dealt with at the royal pleasure. Charles, it's true, after his imperial consecration exercised practically at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he significantly omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made on the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It's to be famous that in this public division of his property he made no provision for the imperial title, also that he dedicated to all three sons "the defence and safety of the Roman Church".

In any case, for the reason that Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; therefore, aside from its impact on his shadowy declare to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This resolution produced a domino effect. In reality this Roman patriciate, both beneath Pepin and Charles, was no more than a high protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose native independence, each before and after the coronation of Charles, is historically sure, even other than the aforesaid imperial charters. It's certain that Charles continuously attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, made known of course by the company of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, in "Capitularia", ed. Charles obtained the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long earlier than this occasion Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the safety of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all in the temporal authority which it had step by step acquired (notably in the former Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by simply titles in the course of the 2 previous centuries.

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